Hydrostatic Pressure Vessel

Hydrostatic Pressure Vessel Nomenclature = radial stress = Hoop stress = axial stress Pi = internal pressure Po = external pressure ri = internal radius ro = external radius r = radius at point of interest (usually ri or ro) Delta L = Elongation = Deformation ID = inner dimeter of o-ring Gd = groove diameter Srec = stretch recommended Bd = Bore diameter GW = Groove width CS = cross section diameter C = recommended maximum compression (static)   Summary    A design of a thick vessel is created to measure the effects of hydrostatic pressure when operated in them. The methodology of calculating the stresses on thick walled cylinders is illustrated. A study of the radial and hoop stresses is progressed to find the required sizes of the vessel to operate without a failure under 30 MPa pressure. The bolts are designed to handle the load on the vessel to keep the vessel in one place without moving. The force in the vessel is measured to find the correct bolts that will keep the vessel fixed and safe. A sealing technology study is described to understand how to measure the correct dimension of the o-ring to process the test without air leakage from the entry of vessel. The groove in the vessel was measured to stretch the o-ring designed in a correct manner so the pressure hand move in and out sealed. The calculations in this report are tested mathematically in an academic manner for the design to be brought to life with high efficiency. Introduction In the field of science experimenting, it is necessary to test the efficiency of a specific design, because all products of same function have different specifications and differ in quality. At the same time the true specification of a design can alter its efficiency. Therefore, the best product must be created with real specific measurements that lead to its perfection. It is found that there are three important features of the pressure vessel. Firstly, the shape of the vessel which presents the equations used to study the impact of pressure in them. Secondly, the material used must be chosen correctly to prevent any danger if vessel fails. Finally, the safety is the most important feature in a pressure vessel hence it is important to choose the correct bolts that will keep the vessel fixed at a point. In addition to designing the desired sealing technology of the vessel to keep the air pressure tight in the vessel without any leakage. Companies, industries and labs usually use hydrostatic pressure on a specimen to figure out it properties which allow us to understand the standards of the material. Using hydrostatic pressure is a safe and effective process which helps us to understand more about failure of objects under pressure and the effect of hydrostatic pressure. There are a few different techniques used to measure the failure of a test, for ex ample, when a hydrostatic test is proceeding it is known that if air starts leaking from the vessel, this would be considered as a failed test. Thick walled cylinders nature is that they handle more pressure. Under high pressure, the wall might explode and cause failure thus is it important to dimension right size for the thickness of the cylinder before manufacturing the cylinder for hydrostatic testing. Measuring variables such as, hoop, radial, and axial stresses will be discussed and progressed for the vessel designed in this report. The bolts used are entitled to a high load of pressure which is possible to cause a failure if there was no study taken before using these specific bolts that have this mechanical specification. A study on the strength of the bolt is being used and will be illustrated later in the report. Basically, this report will show a study on how to design the required cylinder and bolts to process a safe hydrostatic test. As the design of the vessel will be illustrated to understand the image of the design and its dimensions. Which will lead to an understanding on how to design a specified thick cylin der to process an internal pressure and a hydraulic press to test a specimen hydrostatically. Aim of the Project The project aim to design a device to measure the effects of hydrostatic pressure on the fracture toughness of the device. It is found that the device required must handle conditions of 30 MPa pressure thus thick walled cylinder is needed. The importunacy of this project is to create a design that meets the required conditions for it to function plus applying correct methods and calculations for it to function. Hydrostatic pressure Hydrostatic pressure test is latest style of testing the ability of fracture toughness of a vessel without causing harm. Hydrostatic test of vessels requires gas or water filled into the vessel if the fracture toughness of vessel is about to crack, the resistance of air reduces the explosion as they resist the inner pressure that causes the failure. Less energy is released when fracture is about to take place LT (2016). Air is a fair medium that is used for a hydrostatic test. Air is less expensive than oil and it has an easier method than water for a test. The sample will not get harmed after the test. When a failure occurs, it means that the vessel does not meet the standard and this failure can be shown when the durability fails and air begins to leak. It is important to assure the leak prevention, reliability, and safety of the pressure test. There are two methods of testing hydrostatic and pneumatic. Air is used as a medium of the hydrostatic test Arshad Mahmud (2012). The hydrostatic test measures the elastic deformation of a metal and its ability to get back to it is formal shape. Air is a safe medium as it is can compressed like water. When a cylinder blows out, air will leak which is safer than using other material due its possibility to be highly explosive. Pressure vessel Pressure Vessel is a tank that is designed to contain gases or liquids at different pressure limits. The pressure or temperature drops can be dangerous; this can cause an explosion which can injure anyone near the vessel. Thus, when designing a pressure vessel legal commands must be taken to create a vessel that is safe to perform its task. History of pressure vessels started in 1495 when Leonardo Da Vinci designed a vessel. The major problems that occurred were mainly explosions because of leakage of compressed gas or liquid, and if a fire was burning near. Engineers created safety factors as measurements of safety of pressure vessels LT (2016). Pressure vessels are used in many applications, for example, in compressed air receivers, hot water storage tank, compression chambers, mining operations and nuclear reactor vessels. A cylinder is the usual shape that is used for hydrostatic testing. It has good maintenance because it is checked every five years for public safety. When the device gets cold when in storage, fatigue might occur hence the importance of the maintenances. However, hard steel responds to it properties to handle in high pressures. Steel also provides controlled and safe environment to prevent any explosion that is possible to harm people. Shape of the vessel Cylinders have an ideal shape because it is easy to analyze when in operation and are easily made. This makes cylindrical vessels the cheapest in cost and most effective. Even though the cylinder is the ideal shape for the vessel, it comes with a few disadvantages, for example, the bigger the diameter, the more expensive the construction of the cylinder would be. The ideal size for a cylindrical vessel is 8cm, this is to avoid inspections and testing issues RR (2012). In this case, the maximum internal pressure chosen is 30MPa which allow us to design a thick-walled cylinder. Equation, and variables of thick walled cylinder will be illustrated in this report, based on them a design of a vessel will be created for hydrostatic testing. Thick Walled Cylinders There are a lot of examples for thick cylinder such as, guns, hydrostatic testing device, and high pressure hydraulic pipes. Thick cylinders are entitled to internal and external pressure. The wall thickness is large and the stress across the thickness is notable. Stresses in this case are solved by using specific boundary conditions, compatibility, and equilibrium. The problem of thick walled cylinders is that they are entitled to high pressure and temperature which is possible at constant or changing duration. The usual problem is ductile fracture of the material which is because of the geometry or the properties of the material. The real analysis of a thick cylinder is dependent on the radial and hoop stress caused by the internal pressure which stand up to the yield strength of the material. Equilibrium equation is important because we need it to relate stresses to strains and strains to displacement d(sr) / dr + sr sh / r = 0. Compatibility equations; Thick walled cylinders have three main mechanical stresses. To design a thick, cylinder the thickness of the wall should be more than 1/10 of the greatest diameter of the cylinder: 1-Hoop Stress 2-Radial Stress 3-Axial Stress (2017) Thick walled cylinder The boundary conditions of a thick-walled cylinder are: Thin surface is, at and outer surface is, at Thus -pi = A (B / ri^2) and -po = A (B / ro^2) Variables can be seen in figure 1.1, Figure 1.1 shows location of the variables (2017) Thick walled cylinder A and B in the simultaneous equations above when applied to the boundary conditions above, two constant equations for A and B will be concluded; Now, to find the final general equation, Lames equation is included thus the hoop stress and radial stress will be; (2017) Thick walled cylinder the axial stress on the case of the cylinder designed bellow which a closed end is calculated by means of equilibrium which is reduced to as shown above. Maximum shear stress follow that stresses on the cylinder at any point on the wall are principal stresses. Thus, the maximum shear stress at any point will be given by the equation of Tresca theory, Giuseppe Catalanotti (2017) Material of the vessel Pressure vessel are mainly made from steel. Rolling or forging is used to make out the shape out of the vessel. Current standards use steel to impact resistance which increases the mechanical strength. Steel is the most important material for engineering and construction in the world. Steel has a great resistance to corrosion because of its formability and durability, high tensile and yield strength and is very effective for thermal conductivity. Stiffness, ductility and yield strength are measured using tensile stress test. Impact test used to figure out the toughness and hardness of surface resistance Total Material (2016). -Yield strength of steel is 260MPa -Young modulus is between 210 GPa (Stiffness better three times than aluminum) -density of 7.7/8.1(kg/dm3) -Poissons ratio 0.30 -Thermal conductivity 11.2/48.3(W/mK) -Thermal expansion 9/27(10-6/K) Total Material (2016). Safe tank to perform a hydrostatic test must remain sealed. Lip seal technology is used in this system. O-ring were created to prevent any leakage when hydraulic hand is inserted into the chamber. A hydrostatic test should meet these requirements of the vessel to remain testing of pressure safe. Calculations Results: First, the maximum pressure that will cause yield at the internal surface of the vessel will be calculated, using the hoop and radial stresses to find the maximum shear strength and the yield strength. The equations will be used are explained in thick-walled cylinder section which are the hoop and radial stresses. In addition to the maximum shear strength equation and yield equation which will be mentioned in the following; Giuseppe Catalanotti (2017) Secondly, the elongation equation will be used to determine the size of the deformation; Delta(L) = deformation(z) * L (L) is the height of the internal cut which has a height of 0.210m Deformation(z) v = passions ratio E = the young modulus k is the ratio of external diameter on the internal diameter ro/ri First the hoop and radial stresses must be calculated hence the hoop stress equation is pi = 30MParo = 0.210m k = 2.625ri = 0.08m hoop stress is = 145.67MPausing hoop stress equation above. pi = 30MParo = 0.210m k = 2.625ri = 0.08mk = ro / ri The radial stress is = -(108.75 MPa)but r = -piusing radial stress equation above. The yield equation is pi = 30*10^6 k = 2.625using the yield equation above. = 70.18 MPa Since the yield strength of the steel is 260Mpa and it is greater than the yield at 70.18MPa pressure then the measurements of the vessel appear to be able to handle an extra 190MPa on the system before it begins to fail. The maximum shear strength Tresca is      = Since hoop and radial stresses are found, maximum shear stress can be calculated. = 145.67MPa = 108.75MPa= 70.18MPa Giuseppe Catalanotti (2017) Now finding the Elongation which has the equation Delta(L) =* L = (1 2v) * pi / E (k^2 1) = (1 2 * 0.3) * 30*10^6 / 210*10^9 * (2.625^2 1) = 9.7*10^-6 v = passions ratio of steel pi = internal pressure E = the young modulus of steel k is the ratio of external diameter on the internal diameter ro/ri Deformation= 9.7 *10^-6m Since, Delta(L) = defamation(z) * L Then, L = Length of the cylinder which is = 0.21m. See figure (3). Elongation is 9.7 * ^-6 * 0.21 = 2.037 *10^-6m from Elongation equation above Giuseppe Catalanotti (2017) Bill of Materials (6) (4) (1) (3) (5) (2) Item Number Description quantity Material (1) Vessel 1 Steel (2) O-Ring 1 Rubber (3) M14 Bolts 6 Steel (4) M12 Bolts 4 Steel (5) Pressure hand 1 Steel (6) Holding Stick 1 Steel The Design and assembly procedure A hydrostatic pressure device was designed to measure the pressure. This tank is to be attached to the hydraulic machine. Measurement of the machine were taken to design the vessel. The purpose of this device in figure (1) is to ensure that pressure tests are maintained safely and properly. This design is measured to handle pressure between 0MPa to 70MPa. The test will be progressed at 30 MPa. The material used is steel. The design contains six different main parts as shown in figure (1). This section will provide dimension and function of each part. Figure (1) Vessel Components (Exploded View) The size and the thickness are very important factors when designing a safe vessel. Figure (2) shows the circular diameter of the head of the vessel which is 21cm and that it was extruded to 34cm. Figure (2) is also a cross sectional view of the final shape of the vessel.The thichness of the wall surrounding the chamber is 6.5cm and the bottom has a thickness of 7cm. Figure (3) shows the dimsion of the chamber which is a cylinder of 8cm diameter and length of 21cm. This area is where it is expected to place the specimen. The specimen size is measured to be 20*50*4mm Figure (2) Dimension (1)Figure (3)Chamber dimensions The mechanism that will hold the vessel is smart. Figure (4) shows a diameter of a cut of 5.1 cm and 6.5 high. This area is meant to be placed into the bottom holding hand of the hydraulic machine in the Ashby building. Where the vessel has an extrusion of 27cm and height of 5cm and was created as a base of vessel as shown in figure (5). Figure (4) Bottom hand holder Figure (5) shows the base diameter and height Figure (6) shows that the base cylinder has 6 holes of M14 size. These holes were created to be tighten up with bolts of M14 shown in figure (7) on the table of the hydraulic machine. Six bolts are created and can be seen in figure (6). Figure-(6) M14 holes x6 Specification of the Bolts (F = P x A),which means that the force is equal to the pressure multiplied by the area. Figure (3) shows the internal diameter of the vessel which is 0.08m. (a = pi x (d)^2 / 4) is used to calculate the area of a cylinder, which means that (pi x (0.08m)^2 / 4) = (50.03*10^-3 m^2). The maximum pressure will be tested is 30 MPa. Since pressure is 30MPa and area is (5.03*10^-3 mm^2). then as they multiplied to bring a force of 150 kN. This means that thetotal force in the cylinder is equal to 150 kN. The question here is that will the bolts in figure (7) and (8) M14, M12 handle 150 kN of force. The research on the metric bolts shows the ability of each size of the bolts. It was shown that M14 bolt has a load proof of 66.7 kN. Figure (6) shows that there are 6 bolts of M14 is used. Now, the total force applied is divided by the number of the bolts to show the required ability of the bolts. (150 kN / 6 = 25 kN) which means that the system requires six bolts that each of them can handle 25 kN of force Metric Bolts (2016). Above it is mentioned that the load proof of each of the M14 bolts is 66.7 kN which means that a total of six M14 bolts will provide an ability of 400 kN, 400 kN of force can handle 150 kN of applied force. In brief, the bolts used in the system in figure (11) meet the requirement of the study which is 30 MPa. To ensure the safety of fixing the vessel to the machine, four M12 bolts were added. M12 bolt figure (8) has a load proof of 48.9 kN, Total load proof of four bolts is equal to 195.6 kN which has a good impact on keeping the vessel safe from any danger of being rapidly moved away from it fixed point. Eventually, the total ability of the bolts is equal to 595.6 kN which are designed to prevent the vessel from any possible danger of a maximum pressure load of 150 kNMetric Bolts (2016). Figure (7) M14 Bolt x6 Figure (1) shows 4 holes created on top of the vessel. They are M12 holes created to increase stability of the vessel and more safety in case of the vessel left it place. Bolts of M12 were created to have a length of 39cm as shown figure (8). Calculations above are measurements of parts in figure (1) . Ten bolts, 4 of M12 and 6 of M14 are attached to the base of hydraulic machine. Finally, a hydrostatic test can be done safely.   Figure (8) Long M12 bolts x4 Sealing Technology O-ring is a mechanical gasket in a shape of loop with a diameter that is made of rubber. It is designed to be fitted at circler cut which means that an o-ring will be compressed during work. It is expected to seal a joint of two parts. One mechanical benefit of the o-rings is to seal a moving hand through a vessel without an air leakage. Thus, a specific design of an o-ring will be designed to be fitted at the entry gate of the vessel for the hand to enter the vessel without air leaking (efunda) 2017. Figure (5) shows the place of the o-ring. The thickness of the o-ring is calculated to be 0.84 mm and the inner diameter of the o-ring is measured to be 79.46 mm. The o-ring designed can be seen in figure (10). Figure (9) shows the grave and the dimension of the O-ring. An o-ring is meant to be attached in this system. The groove was measured to be 4 cm away from the top of the vessel in the chamber section. The groove diameter was calculated to be 8.1 cm and the width of the groove is 1.15 mm. As hydraulic hand enters the chamber, it will pass through three rubber bands that reduces the area of the chamber making it tighter for the hand to be inserted without any leakage outside the system PS (2016). The design of the grave and the o-ring must be studied before they are designed. To design a sealing technology there are a few variables to know to create it. These variables are the bore dimeter of the outside radius, the groove diameter of the inside radius and the groove width of the axial length. The maximum stretch of the 0-ring should not be more than 5% of the grove size (efunda) 2017. Calculations of the O-ring and Results ID is the inner diameterof the o-ring and can be found if Srec the recommended stretchischosen and the groove diameter Gd the groove diameter can also be found when this equation is used; Srec = 2% ID = Gd * (1 Srec) then, ID = Gd * (0.98). The stretch of the o-ring is to make the o-ringstay at the groove tightly without falling out (efunda). ID = (39.94 * 2) 0.42 = 79.46 mm ID = 79.46mm Gd = ID / 0.98 Gd = 79.46 / 0.98 = 81mm Gd = 81mm Cross sectional Diameter (CS) of the o-ring: O-ring will be compressed in radial direction when it is attached to the groove. As the cross section of the ring is compressed between groove and bore diameter then the cross-sectional diameter must be more the depth of the groove. Which means that CS > Gd ID / 2 (efunda) 2017. CS = Gd ID / 2 = 81mm- 79.46mm / 2 = 0.77mm As CS must be > than 0.77mm then CS = 1mm C is the recommended maximum compression is 40% and must be for the ring to be compressed. The recommendation of C depended on the seal kind. Static seals do not require an axial movement in the bore(efunda) 2017. Groove Width in the Vessel (GW) = When the ring is compressed horizontally it will expand vertically. The material of the ring will be helpful to be compressed effectively. However, the groove width should be about 1.5 by the cross sectional of the o-ring diameter and this to stretch the ring vertically (efunda) 2017. GW = CS * (1.5) = 1mm * 1.5mm = 1.5mm. Figure (9) Section Cut shows the position and size of the Groove width and diameter Figure (10) O-ring CS dimeter and radius (r) Figure (11) Final Product (Thick walled Vessel) Discussion Thick Walled cylinders handle high pressures with least effects on the vessel and remain safe for future use. The deformation possible in the vessel is calculated to find the amount of elongation (the change in formation or length in an object). The elongation value is 0.002mm which is proper. The maximum pressure in the vessel is 30MPa hence finding the hoop and radial stresses to find the shear stress of the vessel and compare it with the yield strength of the vessels material and it dimensions. Therefore, the stresses applied at different sections in the chamber are calculated above and hoop stress is found to be 145.67MPa and radial stress is 108.7MPa. The maximum shear stressin the vessel is calculated from the hoop and radialstresses and it is found to be 70.18 MPa. Based on Total Material (2016) the yield strength of steel is 260 MPa. Giuseppe Catalanotti (2017) have stated that if yield strength of material is bigger than the shear stress calculated in the vessel then the vessel is safe when pressure applied. The Bolts are designed to handle keep the vessel fixed on the ground of the hydraulic machine. The total force initiated in the vessel is calculated and found to be 150kN thus the required bolts are must have a higher force than 150kN. The six M14 bolts used can handle force of 400kN and this enough for the vessel to function safely. Finally, the sealing technology, the o- ­ring is designed to keep the vessel sealed when it is preforming. (efunda) 2017 stated that the maximum recommended stretch of an o- ­ring is 5% and the designed o- ­ring has a stretch of 2%. The groove width is 8.1cm, cal culated using 2% max. stretch and an inner diameter of 7.94cm. The CS diameter o- ­ring is 1mm, which must be higher than the calculatedCS diameter which is 0.77mm. Hence, the

Hardware and Software requirements for the DTP facilities needed Essay

A client from the GNVQ Sports Catalogue Group has asked me to produce a document of at least 16 camera-ready copy pages. The GNVQ Sports Catalogue Group is a small sized company that are a mail order company. They sell sports goods like shirts, footwear, equipment for different sports, clothes etc. The last catalogue is out of date and they need a new catalogue to keep up to date. The catalogue has to advertise the company’s goods and sell them. The client will choose a catalogue to run with to sell the goods. The client wants the following things to be covered in and on the catalogue. The front and back cover has to look professional. An index can be set out in different ways maybe to look for an individual products or products underneath a category. An order from must be put in to the catalogue. In the order form details for the customer to fill in must include name, address, Product ID, Product Name, Quantity, Sub Total, Total. The client stated that 5 orders could only be made on one order form. On the order form also the details that must be include are the company address, phone and fax numbers, postage and package details must be included. The inside pages of the catalogue have to contain the following things. On the pages there must be the name of the product that is being sold on the page where it is noticeable. Also the picture of the product should be on the page. There should be a product description describing what type of product you are selling. This description must include the product ID, product name and price. Other additional things that can be included are like what sizes the product comes in. Hardware and Software requirements for the DTP facilities needed Here I will tell and describe what type of hardware that I need to produce the catalogue. The reason why I did my draft designs the way I did is because of the following reasons. I picked up three catalogues and I analysed them in the following way. The first catalogue I am going to analyse is the FCUK (French Connection United Kingdom). The theme of this catalogue is beach/casual wear. Front cover The front cover is ok. Parts of a word on the front cover have been split up. In between these large letters it has the company name in red, which is in the centre. Underneath the company name it says â€Å"buymail† (hence the fact I got this catalogue by post). It then has a female model at the bottom of the front cover. Along the bottom it has what season the catalogue is in. Underneath they have the contact phone number and the company email address if you want to email them about something. The phone number is in a red colour also. I think the company put their company name and number in red so it stands out and that the people know where to reach them. When you open up the catalogue it has the following logo. The logo is orange and yellow. This gives a feel of the summer, beaches and warmth. Underneath the logo is a brief statement. It entails certain things like they comment on the clothes that are further in the catalogue and other things. It then has the company’s email address. Page Layout Throughout the catalogue the page layout is very similar to one another inside. The page layout inside the catalogue is as follows. On the first page it has a picture of a woman. At the bottom left corner it is says â€Å"Ladieswear pages 3-28†. On the next page are the products being displayed. The products are sort of in a circle shape and in the middle is another product. Underneath it has the description of the product. The description underneath the products includes the product name, style number, colour and the sizes it is available in. The products on the page are displayed on a white background. They also have the description underneath the products. This makes the products stand out. The people modelling the clothes on some pages are on a creamy background. They do not have a contents page. But the front-pages before that particular section starts there is a picture of a person and the related product that is being sold on the pages ahead. It also says how many pages long the section is next to the picture. This may act as a contents page. The lack of good description about the product may be a good thing because potential customers may not want to read lots of detail; they may want to go straight to the product. They also do not have an index. I think this is going to make it a bit hard for the customers to find a specific product they want. I think this because when the person is filling out the order form they might forget a tiny detail about the product and they need to find it quick. They cannot do that in this catalogue therefore they would have to go through the catalogue to find the product they need. I think having an index in the catalogue is very important because it will make it easier for the person to look for a specific product. Back cover The back cover is as follows. It just has pictures from the beach. It also has the company in short (FCUK) in pink on the back cover. At the bottom of the page it has in the same style writing as the logos on the inside page it says â€Å"MEMORIES OF Fcukiki Beach†. This is also in orange and yellow to make it a summer, warmth and beach feel.

Detailed Notes on Good Research Essay Topics to Write about in Step by Step Order

Detailed Notes on Good Research Essay Topics to Write about in Step by Step Order Good Research Essay Topics to Write about and Good Research Essay Topics to Write about - The Perfect Combination You first have to figure out the reason behind your essay, before you are able to write persuasive content about it. A terrific informative article needs to get points that are key. Of your essay your audience will read, and it's critical to make a good. Business essay writing is actually a complicated assignment and here you have to have learnt how to cope with this. Also, prevent the obvious if you need your essay to be readable. My essay was all around the place. Banking essays may be genuine pleasure to play if you've got an exhaustive understanding about the topic and possess keen interest on paper, thus if you consider you might not create adequate banking essays in comparison to you're erroneous. Life After Good Research Essay Topics to Write about A superb paragraph is similar to a mini-essay. Each body paragraph is going to have the identical standard structure. Begin with a terrific first sentence. Our online tutors can also aid you with the perfect way to start computer science essay that will fulfill the qualifications of a fantastic paper standard. A systematic strategy is needed to compose an activity composition. With our customized essay offer, you can be certain to get any sort of essay help you're looking for. The goal of your introduction is to have the reader interested in your analysis. Blogging about blogging has gotten very useful recently. You will receive a concept of the various variations your topic may have online. Whatever it is, there has to be a blog about it somewhere on the net. You will be surprised to hear how rare yet cool it's to try out this subject, so be my guest. In the end, you ideally wish to pick a topic that'll be interesting for your readers. The writers have the ability to handle any subject of your choice. Our writers only do what you desire. The Foolproof Good Research Essay Topics to Write about Strategy The perfect way to acquire narrative ideas is to speak to obey. Usually, writing case study is centered on offering a tale, because your visitors may desire to understand very well what the challenge is, where the proof is, exactly what the very clear answer is, and just how the very clear answer is working. You should have your reasons, and our primary concern is that you find yourself getting a great grade. Don't reject the thought of approaching your supervisor so as to talk about the chance of altering your research paper topic. There's, obviously, a limit on the variety of pages even our finest writers can produce with a pressing deadline, but generally, we can satisfy all the clients seeking urgent assistance. There's no worry to get hold of our services to assist you with an essay on computers. There are lots of things to consider and most importantly, is the trustworthiness of the service you decide to use. As a result of our private method of every client, it doesn't make a difference what it is, we're ready to accept the writing procedure and get good at it. How to Find Good Research Essay Topics to Write about on the Web If you don't need to use essay writing help, you should write about something which you like and that it is possible to describe in details. Furthermore, you always need to tell your story chronologically. Writing something which tickles someone's funny bone demands plenty of prowess. Even if it must be read, as in the instance of essay writing assignments in a university setting, a fine introduction provides the reader a great preliminary impression, entices. Before you even begin making your literature newspaper you've got to choose the main thing that would be discussed by means of your job. Plan your essay When you begin writing, you should earn a draft of your upcoming work. During the time you are likely to buy business essay aid, you could be sure that your papers will be done and submitted precisely on time. Thank you for enrolling! What About Good Research Essay Topics to Write about? Whenever you choose to ask us for expert support, don't hesitate to get in touch with our support managers. Few students breeze through this section of the college application process because writing a very good college essay is not an easy job. Computer literacy essay skills are extremely essential that you deliver a great or exceptional work. The foremost and most important element for each skilled who want to benefit us is frequently a university amount.

Macro-Environment Analysis for Industry within Which the Harvey Norman Operates Free Essay Example, 2250 words

The paper tells that macro-environmental analysis is the initial step when conducting a strategic analysis of a company and it is otherwise referred as pest analysis, external analysis or pestle analysis. The main goal of conducting macro-environment analysis is to help in identification of the opportunities and threats within a particular industry which cannot be controlled by the firm. In the macro-environment analysis, the areas of concern include the social-cultural trends of the market and its demographics, technology, political and legal environment, economic conditions and environmental factors. Looking at the social-cultural conditions and the demographics within which Harvey Norman operates points to various factors which continues to work in favor of the entire industry. Firstly, the lifestyle of the people has changed and they now demand more equipment for entertainment which means that the electronics industry must continue offering superior products for the same. Additi onally, various products which were previously a luxury such as computers have become a necessity to the lives of most people. According to Inma and Shelda, presently people are more conscious about the places they live in and they continuously seek to improve their houses and therefore they are constantly demanding for such products. We will write a custom essay sample on Macro-Environment Analysis for Industry within Which the Harvey Norman Operates or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page However, the interest rates are also high which makes acquisition of the needed capital through borrowing more expensive.

Racism In Harper Lees To Kill A Mockingbird - 1549 Words

In 1930’s Maycomb County, Alabama, ladies were expected to wear pretty dresses and gather with other women in the neighborhood to gossip over tea in the afternoon, men were expected to be hardworking, and not going to church every Sunday marked one as a social outcast. Additionally, the African-American population that lived in Maycomb at this time were expected to live on a separate side of town, attend a separate church, and be exceedingly polite to white people. If one were to not adhere to cultural standards such as these, they would be shamed by the town via gossip. A black person not following the cultural norms set for them by white people was inconceivable, and often led to punishment and torment. In the novel To Kill a†¦show more content†¦In a study carried out two professors of psychology, Gordon Hodson and Michael a. Busseri, they found that â€Å"lower general intelligence in childhood predicts greater racism in adulthood† (Hodson, Busseri, 2012). This does not justify Bob Ewell’s actions in any way shape or form, but it does show the link between poor education, ignorance and racial biases, to give an explanation in why Bob acted like this, and why many uneducated people still act like this. Bob Ewell was by far one of the most extreme racists in the town, but most townspeople in Maycomb strongly favored whites over blacks. There were different ways in which characters demonstrated this bias though, but it was very clear how the town as a whole felt when Atticus accepted the Robinson trial. Atticus was called names, and Jem and Scout were taunted in school for their father’s decision. Many people in the town were very surprised that Atticus would defend an honorable black man over a disgraceful white man. Mrs. Gates, Scout’s third grade teacher, exhibited her implicit bias when she discussed how in America, they â€Å"don’t believe in persecuting anybody,† when teaching about Hitler and the Holocaust, yet Scout witnessed her speaking badly about African-Americans after the trial (Lee, 329). Mrs. Gates said things such as â€Å"they were gettin’ way above themselves† referring to how she believed that the black population, as a w hole, were out of place, and needed to be reminded of their inferiority (Lee,Show MoreRelatedRacism in Harper Lees To Kill a Mockingbird584 Words   |  2 Pagespoliceman approaches the black male, swears and says, â€Å"Get your hands behind your back†. It’s in human nature to have this evil assumption that someone different from them is an immoral being. In this case, white skin to black skin. To Kill A Mockingbird, by Harper Lee takes place during the 1930’s in the small town of Maycomb. A quiet, humble, and respectable black man, Tom Robinson, is accused of raping a white girl, Mayella. No man steps up to defend this man, for blacks were deeply looked downRead MoreRacism, Injustice, and Discrimination in Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird800 Words   |  4 PagesRacism, Injustice, and Discrimination in Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird According to Shackleford, â€Å"The novel portrays a young girls love for her father and brother and the experience of childhood during the Great Depression in a racist, segregated society, which uses superficial and materialistic values to judge outsiders, including the powerful character Boo Radley† (Shackelford). The main character relates closely with her father because he is the superior role model in her life. Having herRead MoreHeartless Racism in Harper Lees To Kill a Mockingbird512 Words   |  2 PagesHarper Lee communicates the heartless universal racism through her book. Not only are the colored people evaluated from the whites but also the Radleys are part of the white society that was categorized. The Radleys lived inversely from the rest of the Maycomb people. However, just by living in a different style, the people believed that they were unusual people. Even Jeremy labeled Boo Radley as about six-and-a- half feet tall, judging form his tracks; he dined on raw squirrels and any cats heRead MoreRacism, Sexism and Socioeconomic Prejudice in Harper Lees To Kill a Mockingbird828 Words   |  4 PagesThere are many different types of prejudice. The three that are most current in the book To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee are racism, sexism and socioeconomic prejudice. Racism is a big problem in many people’s lives. Throughout history, many groups and cultures have been significantly affected by racism. African Americans are an example of a group of people who have suffered the effects of racism. In 1867 the â€Å"Ku Klux Klan, was founded as a secret organization terrorized the African AmericansRead MoreAnalysis Of Harper Lee s Kill A Mockingbird 1491 Words   |  6 PagesHarper Lee’s ​ To Kill a Mockingbird ​ is a critically acclaimed, Pulitzer Prize winning novel that instantly attained its position as one of the greatest literary classics (Editors).The story of Scout Finch’s childhood has become one of the most notable narratives that addresses controversial issues present in the early 20th century. Lee’s novel depicts themes of race, justice, and innocence throughout the novel. Although ​ To Kill a Mockingbird​ is regarded as a literary masterpiece in AmericanRead MoreThe South : Controversial Topics On Harper Lee s Kill A Mockingbird1475 Words   |  6 PagesTopics in Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird is a critically acclaimed, Pulitzer Prize winning novel that instantly attained its position as one of the greatest literary classics (Editors).The story of Scout Finch’s childhood has become one of the most notable narratives that addresses controversial issues present in the early 20th century. Lee’s novel depicts themes of race, justice, and innocence throughout the novel. Although To Kill a Mockingbird is regardedRead MoreHarper Lee862 Words   |  4 Pagesof the Life of Harper Lee and the Lasting Impact of To Kill A Mockingbird Harper Lee is considered one of America’s most enigmatic and influential writers of the twentieth century. Lee’s popular novel, To Kill a Mockingbird, offers readers deep insight into the dynamics of an unconventional family and Southern lifestyle in the1930s. Harper Lee was born Nelle Harper Lee on April 28, 1926, in Monroeville, Alabama (Sparknotes.com). According to the author’s official website, Harper Lee was a descendantRead MoreMoral Chaos in Harper Lees Maycomb Essay1134 Words   |  5 PagesHarper Lee argues in her novel, To Kill a Mockingbird, that the moral obligations of a court are thrown aside in favor of the law that lies in the minds of men. She describes her characters in such a manner that alludes to their inner thoughts. Through practiced repetition, the citizens of Maycomb force the existence of the social inequality that is white supremacy. Whether by following lead or by ignoring the problem altogether, it is the people alone who allow i njustices to occur. In a public appealRead MoreImpact Of Racism In To Kill A Mockingbird910 Words   |  4 PagesIn Harper Lee’s book â€Å"To Kill a Mockingbird† Jem , Scout , and Dill live in Maycomb , Alabama around the time of the 1930’s they all were struggling through racism and poor family’s trying to get by. Harper Lee’s first and only novel â€Å"To Kill A Mockingbird† was published during the civil right movements. In this book Jem, Scout, and Dill tend to have courage and loyalty through life and in their relationship toward one another . Jem and Scout are brother and sister, Dill is a friend of the familyRead MoreEssay on How Harper Lee Was Influenced by The Times 1473 Words   |  6 Pagesliterature. Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird is a classical work that reflects the Civil Rights and Women’s Movement of the 1950’s-1960’s through her depiction of the relationship between blacks and whites and her portrayal of female characters. The 1950’s and the 1960’s was a time of change and evolution. It brought on the Civil Rights Movement. This was a very influential time period were these new ideas were incorporated into everyday life and they became a part of American society. â€Å"[Harper Lee]

Case Study Critique Free Essays

Through the years the news has reported on several cases similar to the Jackson case. Each time this kind of neglect case is brought to light the public often wonders what happened. The most difficult part of this case is that the children were so malnourished they were not even growing at an average rate for children of their age. We will write a custom essay sample on Case Study Critique or any similar topic only for you Order Now How could this have gone on for so long? With the amount of cases that social workers have it is a wonder that they catch any of these neglect cases. The social services system is bogged down with ark that each social worker carries a heavy case load and, unfortunately, this means that things go unnoticed. I feel that it is entirely possible that the case workers were asking the right questions however; maybe the parents had all of the right answers as well. When there was no food in the refrigerator maybe they simply explained that they needed to go grocery shopping and had not had time yet. A social worker does not have enough time to figure out who is lying and who is not. Although a social workers main concern is the welfare of the children, they also have to ensure that all of their families are seen in a timely manner. Whether we like to believe it or not our social workers may not have the time to ensure that the children in our system are being properly cared for. I do believe that the nine social services workers that spent time in the Jackson home should have been fired. These people had a duty to those children to protect them and I find it hard to believe that nine people were unaware of the circumstances in that home. They are trained to see when something is amiss and they all failed those boys. Justice was served as well as it could be. Am sure the boys will have horrible memories of their time in that home and it will forever haunt them. The amount of money they received probably did not make them feel any better about it but it probably helped them build a better life elsewhere. As for the time that was served in jail by the mother, I do not feel it was long enough. How to cite Case Study Critique, Free Case study samples

Qutb complex free essay sample

The most famous monument situated in the complex is the Qutub Minar; other important constructions in the complex are the Quwwat-ul-lslam mosque, the Ala-l-Darwaza, the Alai Minar and the iron pillar. Twenty-seven previous Jain temples were destroyed and their materials reused to construct the minar and other monuments of the complex. Qutub Minar At 72. 5 metres high, the Qutub Minar is the tallest brick minaret in the world. Qutub Minar is the tallest brick minaret in the world, and an important example of Indo- Islamic Architecture. The Qutub Minar is 72. 5 metres (239 ft) high. The diameter of he base is 14. 3 metres wide while the top floor measures 2. 7 metres in diameter. It is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site along with surrounding buildings and monuments. The purpose for building this beautiful monument has been speculated upon, apart from the usual role of a minaret that of calling people for prayer in a mosque- in this case the Quwwat-ul-lslam mosque. Other reasons ascribed to its construction are as a tower of victory, a monument signifying the might of Islam, or a watch tower for defence. Controversy also surrounds the origins for the name of the tower. Many historians believe that the Qutub Minar was named after the first Turkish sultan, Qutb-ud-din Aibak but others contend that it was named in honour of KhwaJa Qutb- ud-din Bakhtiar Kaki, a saint from Baghdad who came to live in India who was greatly venerated by Akbar. Alai Minar The incomplete lai A Minar. Ala ud din KhilJi started building the Alai Minar, which was conceived to be two times higher than Qutub Minar. The construction was abandoned, however, after the completion of the 24. 5 meter high first storey; soon after death of Ala-ud-din. The irst story of the Alai Minar still stands today. Quwwat-ul-lslam mosque Many types of structure still stand in the complex. Quwwat-ul-lslam mosque (Might of Islam) (also known as the Qutb Mosque or the Great Mosque of Delhi) was built by Qutb-ud-din Aybak, founder of the Mamluk or Slave dynasty. The mosque construction started in the 1190s when Aibak was the commander of Muhammad Ghoris garrison occupied Delhi. Expansion of the mosque continued after the death of Qutub. His successor lltutmish extended the original prayer hall screen by three more arches. By the time of lltutmish, the Mamluk empire had stabilized enough that the Sultan could replace most of his conscripted Hindu masons with Muslims. This explains why the arches added under lltutmish are stylistically more Islamic than the ones erected under Qutbs rule. The mosque is in ruins today but indigenous corbelled arches, floral motifs, and geometric patterns can be seen among the Islamic architectural structures. To the west of the Quwwat-ul-lslam mosque is the tomb of lltutmish which was built by the monarch in 1235. Ala-l-Darwaza The Ala-l-Darwaza is a magnificent gateway in the complex. The gateway was built by he first KhilJi sultan of Delhi, Ala ud din KhilJi. The gateway is decorated with inlaid marble decorations, latticed stone screens and showcases the remarkable craftsmanship of the Turkish artisans who worked on it. it is considered to one of the best building built in the sultanat period. with its horse shoe shaped arches it aads a grace to the quwatul islam mosque to which it served as an enternce. Iron pillar of Delhi Inscriptions have survived the test of time on the iron pillar. Translation of the inscription in English. The iron pillar is one of the worlds foremost metallurgical curiosities. The pillar, almost seven metres high and weighing more than six tonnes, was erected by Chandragupta II Vikramaditya (375-414 CE), (interpretation based on careful analysis of archer type Gupta gold coins) of the Gupta dynasty that ruled northern India 320- 540. The pillar, with an idol of Garuda at the top, was originally located at a place called Vishnupadagiri (meaning Vishnu-footprint-hill), identified as modern Udayagiri, situated in the close vicinity of Besnagar, Vidisha and Sanchi, towns located about 50 kilometres east of Bhopal, in central India. Vishnupadagiri is located n the Tropic of Cancer and, therefore, was a centre of astronomical studies during the Gupta period. The Iron Pillar served an important astronomical function, in its original site; its early morning shadow tell in the direction ot the toot ot Anantasayain Vishnu (in one of the panels at Udayagiri) only in the time around summer solstice Oune 21). The creation and development of the Udayagiri site appears to have been clearly guided by a highly developed astronomical knowledge. Therefore, the Udayagiri site, in general, and the Iron Pillar location in particular, provide firm vidence for the astronomical knowledge in India around 400 CE. It is the only piece of the Jain temple remaining, which stood there before being destroyed by Qutb-ud- din Aybak to build the Qutub Minar and Quwwat-ul-lslam mosque. Qutub built around it when he constructed the mosque. The pillar bears an inscription which states that it was erected as a flagstaff in honour of the Hindu god, Vishnu, and in the memory of the Gupta King Chandragupta II (375-413). Made up of 98% wrought iron of pure quality, it is 23 feet 8 inches (7. 21 m) high and has a diameter of 16 inches (0. 41 m). Also, it was confirmed that the temperatures required to form such kind of pillars cannot be achieved by combustion of coal. The pillar is a testament to the high level of skill achieved by ancient Indian iron smiths in the extraction and processing of iron. It has attracted the attention of archaeologists and metallurgists as it has withstood corrosion for the last 1600 years, despite harsh weather. Its unusually good corrosion resistance appears to be due to a high phosphorus content, which together with favorable local weather conditions promotes the formation of a solid protective assivation layer of iron oxides and phosphates, rather than the non-protective, cracked rust layer that develops on most ironwork. A fence was erected around the pillar due to the popularity of a tradition that considered good luck if you could stand with your back to the pillar and make your hands meet behind it. ttp:// en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Qutb_complex FACTS FIGURES Built In 1193 (started) Built By Qutub-ud-din Aibak Location Delhi THE QUTAB COMPLEX The Qutab Minar is identified with Delhi, as the Leaning Tower is associated with the city of Pisa or the Eiffel Tower with Paris. It is not only an important tourist spot in Delhi, it is also an excellent example of early Islamic architecture in India. The area around Qutab Minar has a number of important monuments and together they constitute the Qutab complex. BIRTH OF INDO-ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE The Qutab Minar, apart from being a marvel in itself, is also significant for what it represents in the history of Indian culture. In many ways, the Qutab Minar, the first monument of Muslim rule in India, heralded the beginning of a new style of art and architecture that came to be known as the Indo-Islamic style. Indo-Islamic style is neither a local variant of Islamic art, nor a modification of Hindu art; it is an assimilation of both the styles, though not always in an equal degree. It is so because each region in India has its own form of Indo-Islamic architecture, which varies trom place to place, and there is no standardization. On the other hand, Islamic art itself was a composite style, which had various Muslims influences- Turkish, Persian, and Arabic. Rulers from different parts of the Muslim world, who came to India and settled here, brought with them the artistic traditions of their regions. The intermingling of such raditions with local Indian practices resulted in different examples of Indo-Islamic art. In Delhi, Islamic influences dominated while in the Deccan, local styles were more prominent in the buildings. In Bengal, the indigenous practice of using bricks for building was adopted and the monuments were richly decorated with chiseled and molded decorations typical of Hindu temples. This amalgamation of exotic and indigenous architectural styles was possible due to a variety or factors-the Muslim rulers had to use, in most cases, Indian craftsmen and sculptors who were schooled in their own art traditions. Another factor that nadvertently contributed to this fusion of style was that during the early Muslim invasions, mosques were often built out of materials from Hindu and Jain temples and sometimes temples themselves were modified into mosques. Though both the Indian and Islamic styles have their own distinctive features, some common characteristics made fusion and adaptation easy. Both the styles favor ornamentation and buildings of both styles are marked by the presence of an open court encompassed by chambers or colonnades. The Qutab Minar and the other buildings surrounding it are fine examples of the Delhi style of Indo-Islamic art and architecture. Most of these edifices were the first of their kind in India, be they mausoleums, mosques or madrassas (theological colleges). However, there are a number of monuments within the Qutab complex apart from the Qutab Minar: The Quuwat-ul-lslam Mosque was the first mosque to be built in India. Qutub-ud-din Aibak, the founder of the Slave dynasty, used parts of 27 Jain and Hindu temples to build it. Both Indian and Islamic features are present. The mosque is in ruins today, but one can see indigenous corbelled arches, floral motifs, as well as Islamic practices such as squinches (setting arches diagonally to a square to support a ome), calligraphy, and geometric patterns. To the west of the Quuwat-ul-lslam mosque is another remarkable building-the Tomb of lltutmish, which was built by the monarch himself in 1235. This building was definitely a departure from the norm, for the concept of building huge mausoleums was new. The rather plain exterior conceals an interior with many interesting examples of the Indo-Islamic style. There is a fusion of Indian and Islamic decorative motifs-the lotus and the wheel belonging to the former tradition and geometric arabesque patterns and calligraphy from the latter genre. The dome no longer exist as it has collapsed-the corbelled squinches testify to an early amalgamation that went wrong, a flaw that characterizes early Indo-Islamic architecture. Any write-up on the Qutab Minar will be incomplete without mentioning the century Iron Pillar, 7. m high, and 37 cm in diameter, which stands in the courtyard of the Quuwat-ul-lslam mosque. This pillar, with its distinctly Hindu inscriptions from the Gupta period, is said to have been transported here, but its origins remain a mystery. Another mystifying factor is that despite being exposed to the elements, the illar has remained rust-free. According to popular belief, anyone who stands with his back to the pillar and enc ircles it with his arms will have his wish granted.